夷

biến nguy thành an; hóa giải nguy hiểm

smiling genially; to beam

Emishi or Ebisu, ethnic group of ancient Japan, thought to be related to modern Ainus

chive

common term for non-Han peoples in former times, not exclusively derogatory; barbarian

broad-minded

invaders (insulting term); foreign aggressors

to despise; to look down on; to feel contempt for

to deteriorate; to decline; to slump; also written 凌夷

the three foreign religions that had been introduced to China by the time of the Tang dynasty: Nestorianism, Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism

to use foreigners to subdue foreigners (idiom); let the barbarians fight it out among themselves (traditional policy of successive dynasties); Use Western science and technology to counter imperialist encroachment. (late Qing modernizing slogan)

to deteriorate; to decline; to slump; also written 陵夷

unimaginable; outrageous; freakish

Hawaii, US state

Hawaiʻi, largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago

macadamia nut

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Hawaiian Islands

to level; to raze to the ground

to massacre